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independentemirateonthewesterncoastofthepersiangulf.area:4,412sqmi(11,427sqkm).population(1997est.):561,000.capital:doha.mostofthepopulationisarab,withsouthasianandiranianminoritieswhoareoftenmigrantworkers.languages:arabic(official),english.religion:islam(official).currency:qatarriyal.qatarismostlystony,sandy,andbarren,andconsistsofsaltflats,dunedesert,andaridplains.largelybecauseofoilandnaturalgasexports,qatar'sgrossnationalproductpercapitaisoneofthehighestintheworld.thegovernmentownsalloftheagriculturallandandgeneratesmostoftheeconomicactivity.theprivatesectorparticipatesintradeandcontractingonalimitedscale.itisamonarchy,anditsbasisoflegislationisislamiclaw.theheadofstateandgovernmentistheemirassistedbytheprimeminister.itwaspartlycontrolledbybahraininthe18th-19thcenturyandwasnominallypartoftheottomanempireuntilworldwari.in1916itbecameabritishprotectorate.oilwasdiscoveredin1940,andthecountryrapidlymodernized.qatardeclaredindependencein1971,whenthebritishprotectorateended.in1991itservedasabaseforairstrikesagainstiraqinthepersiangulfwar.
